El poderoso procesador biológico con un peso promedio de 1,5 kilogramos y una asombrosa capacidad de almacenamiento, conocido como cerebro, es y ha sido objeto de múltiples análisis y estudios por parte de neurocientíficos alrededor del mundo. Hallazgos de gran importancia y complejidad son llevados a cabo por equipos interdisciplinarios, develando misterios de este fascinante órgano mediante la investigación y la experimentación.
Al contrario de la creencia popular de que solo utilizamos el 10% de nuestra capacidad cerebral, científicos como John Henley, neurólogo estadounidense afirman que utilizamos el 100% de nuestro cerebro incluso cuando dormimos; casos aislados como el de Jason Padgett cajero de una tienda en la ciudad de Washington ,quien tras ser víctima de un fuerte golpe en la cabeza durante un asalto, adquirió una gran habilidad matemática, demuestra según los científicos, que partes dañadas del cerebro son compensadas por otras áreas no accesibles ,generando habilidades sobresalientes.
El enorme potencial del cerebro se evidencia en el síndrome del savant, en donde se presentan anomalías en las conexiones neuronales asociadas principalmente al autismo, generando de manera paradójica habilidades extraordinarias relacionadas con la memoria, el cálculo matemático y las artes, principalmente. Casos como el del norteamericano Kim Peek quien a pesar de sus limitaciones motrices asombró al mundo con su capacidad de almacenar información reteniendo el 98% de los 12000 libros que había leído, además de sus capacidades en el cálculo matemático; o el del británico Stephen Wiltshire, diagnosticado como autista y conocido como la cámara humana por su sorprendente habilidad para dibujar paisajes, principalmente urbanos, con máxima precisión en los detalles, tan solo con observarlos una vez; reiteran el avance alcanzado por la ciencia en el estudio del cerebro, pero también ponen en evidencia los misterios que aún faltan por descubrir al respecto de este superordenador.
El principal y más significativo neurocientífico colombiano es el doctor Rodolfo Llinas, quien ha adelantado estudios, descubrimientos y aportes de trascendencia vital en el aspecto funcional del cerebro, con múltiples reconocimientos a nivel mundial. Algunos datos curiosos han sido descubiertos por investigadores en cuanto a mitos y verdades del cerebro; estos son algunos de ellos de acuerdo a estudios realizados por los neurólogos estadounidenses Sandra Aamodt y Sam Wang.
Entre dos y tres vasos de vino tinto pueden reducir el riesgo de accidentes cerebro vasculares Tocar un instrumento musical mejora la percepción y razonamiento espacial. El ejercicio físico preserva el óptimo funcionamiento del cerebro en la vejez. El cerebro busca respuestas rápidas, basándose en experiencias anteriores y se puede equivocar en este proceso.
El cerebro consume 12 vatios al día. Dispone de un reloj interno activado por la luz solar. La tensión nerviosa constante afecta la memoria. Se aprende mejor un idioma en la niñez. Las personas mayores suelen ser más felices que los jóvenes. ojo. El amor estimula las mismas regiones cerebrales que estimulan las drogas que causan adicción. El mejoramiento en las condiciones de vida incrementa la inteligencia.
Ocurre luego de la amputación de un miembro como consecuencia de la adaptación del cerebro a la ausencia de la extremidad perdida. Las mujeres suelen tener menor desempeño que los hombres en matemáticas. Las neuronas se renuevan en la edad adulta, en el bulbo olfativo y en el hipocampo. El ejercicio y el aprendizaje mejoran la supervivencia de las neuronas. La proyección y expectativas de los estudios concernientes al cerebro son esperanzadoras en la lucha de enfermedades como el Alzheimer, en la potencialización de las capacidades intrínsecas cerebrales y en las interacciones biotecnológicas para la superación de discapacidades anatómicas padecidas por gran parte de la población mundial.
Al leer este texto y mediante la activación del hemisferio izquierdo del cerebro encargado de la parte lógica del pensamiento, espero que su hemisferio derecho relacionado con lo emocional y la creatividad, considere la importancia de este noble órgano que al consumir el 20% del oxígeno y la ingesta calórica por usted realizada, es capaz de hacer cosas tan asombrosas e inverosímiles, sin importar si dicho órgano pertenece a un genio, un savant o simplemente a un curioso ciudadano del común.
Escritor: Jaime Humberto Alarcón Cordoba.
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