INTERPRETACIÓN DE LOS DATOS.
Luego de haber analizado las respuestas de las entrevistas practicadas a los 50 funcionarios de las 6 organizaciones definidas en el estudio, se procede a establecer una comparación con estadísticas e información de otras fuentes secundarias consultadas.
En lo correspondiente al perfil de los inmigrantes africanos, lo respondido en las preguntas coindice en su mayoría con las opiniones referidas por los entrevistados.
Tabla 12: Distribución de inmigrantes por continentes en Cataluña. 2010.
| País |
Población extranjera |
% sobre el total de extranjeros |
% sobre el total de extranjeros del continente |
| Europa |
363.173 |
30,30 |
100 |
| África |
315.007 |
26,28 |
100 |
| África del norte y Magreb |
246.565 |
20,57 |
78,27 |
| África subsahariana |
65.636 |
5,48 |
20,84 |
| África Central y Meridional |
2.806 |
0,23 |
0,89 |
| América |
396.459 |
33,08 |
100 |
| América del Norte |
6.365 |
0,53 |
1,61 |
| América Central |
58.734 |
4,9 |
14,81 |
| América del Sur |
331.360 |
27,65 |
83,58 |
| Asia |
123.272 |
10,29 |
100 |
| Oriente Medio |
3.502 |
0,29 |
2,84 |
| Asia Central y Oriental |
106.764 |
8,91 |
86,61 |
| Sudeste asiático |
11.024 |
0,92 |
8,94 |
| Japón |
1.982 |
0,17 |
1,61 |
| Oceanía |
579 |
0,05 |
100 |
| Apátridas |
48 |
<0,01 |
100 |
FUENTE: Idescat, a partir de la exploración estadística de los padrones.
Así se puede identificar que la población proveniente de África, constituye la tercera fuente de inmigración en Cataluña con un total de 315.007 personas, por detrás de otros países de Europa y América.
Luego si se analiza la proveniencia de estos inmigrantes africanos, e puede observar que Marruecos ocupa el primer lugar dentro de los países africanos con 233.968 individuos, seguido de Senegal con 20.16 personas.
Tabla 13: Distribución de inmigrantes Africanos en Cataluña. 2010
| País |
Población del país |
% respecto del total de la población del continente |
% respecto del total de la población extranjera |
| Marruecos |
233.968 |
74,27 |
19,52 |
| Senegal |
20.166 |
6,4 |
1,68 |
| Gambia |
16.936 |
5,38 |
1,41 |
| Argelia |
8.579 |
2,72 |
0,72 |
| Nigeria |
7.279 |
2,31 |
0,61 |
| Mali |
7.011 |
2,23 |
0,58 |
| Ghana |
5.111 |
1,62 |
0,43 |
| Guinea |
5.026 |
1,6 |
0,42 |
| Mauritania |
2.402 |
0,76 |
0,2 |
| Guinea Ecuatorial |
1.737 |
0,55 |
0,14 |
| Camerún |
1.307 |
0,41 |
0,11 |
| Egipto |
923 |
0,29 |
0,08 |
| Guinea-Bissau |
798 |
0,25 |
0,07 |
| Côte d’Ivoire |
662 |
0,21 |
0,06 |
| Túnez |
562 |
0,18 |
0,05 |
| Congo |
427 |
0,14 |
0,04 |
| Burkina Faso |
281 |
0,09 |
0,02 |
| Angola |
198 |
0,06 |
0,02 |
| Sierra Leona |
192 |
0,06 |
0,02 |
| Etiopía |
177 |
0,06 |
0,01 |
| Resto de los países |
1265 |
0,35 |
0,01 |
| Total |
315.007 |
99,94 |
26,2 |
FUENTE: Idescat, a partir de la explotación estadística de los padrones.
En lo referente al sexo, tanto los reportes del IDESCAT, como los reporte oficiales de las organizaciones consultadas, refieren un valor muy superior del nivel de hombres por encima de las mujeres. Si se consideran reportes del INE del año 2005 reflejan una media de 29,1 para las mujeres y 31,1 para los hombres, lo cual refleja en ingreso en el país de población adulto joven mayoritariamente para el caso de los países africanos, sin diferencias significativas con otras regiones como Europa del este.
En lo que se refiere a los sectores que son mayores empleadores de inmigrantes africanos aparecen en primer lugar el sector de la construcción seguido de la agricultura, sectores donde no se necesita capacitación alguna, más que la mano de obra. Teniendo en cuenta que la mayor parte de la inmigración africana está constituida por hombres, es natural que estos sectores sean los empleadores más representativos. En el sector de los servicios también encuentran trabajo los in migrantes africanos, pero en este caso los empleos son para oficios que requieren menor calificación, esto parece deberse a las características propias de esta población inmigrante que proviene de situaciones económicas desfavorecidas y en muchos casos no cuentan con estudios suficientes para ocupar mejores plazas.
Autor: Moises Bolekia
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