Los orígenes del término propiamente ducho se remoentan a la obra del mismo nombre The Melting Pot. Drama in four acts, presentada por Zangwill sobre la primera década del siglo pasado. En ella, resalta un estamento que pretende conceptualizar todo el fenómeno en la frase: “América es el crisol de Dios, el gran melting pot donde todas las razas de Europa son fundidas y reformadas”. Esta frase resume la esencia de todo un grupo de teorías formuladas en los siglos XVIII y XIX, con el propósito de sostener la grandeza de ese gran y recién formado país.
Luego, según el trabajo de Gordon realizado en 1964 el melting pot se explica como una de las filosofías o modelos de integración que se implementarin en los Estados Unidos, que difiere de la variante del modelo de asimilación de la cultura anglosajona o anglo-conformity (mayoritaria) y otro de los modelos implementados y precognizado basado en el pluralismo. El modelo en cuestión, llamado también en español “fusión cultural” se consideró como otras de las filosofías utilizadas para abordar el tema de la integración en el aspecto social para aplicar en grupos humanos que se encontraban significativamente diversificadas en lo correspondiente a religión, culturas, lenguas y razas. El trabajo de Gordon en tal sentido se ubica en el periodo de mayor crítica al modelo asimilacionista que se erigia como estrategia que defiende el pluralismo. Además en el año en que Gordon aborda la obra el termino de fusión cultural no había obtenido un nivel óptimo de sistematización remitiéndose mayormente “al mito nacional estadounidense del crisol de razas y culturas o melting pot”(modelo de crisol).
Este modelo, posee un núcleo argumental que se haya en el pensamiento de que ya sea la cultura o la identidad de tipo cultural de una región o entidad de la sociedad es necesario configurarla en base la contribución de todos los sectores que se encuentren representados o que se incorporen al grupo humano en cuestión.
Independientemente de que este modelo aparece en los Estados Unidos, esta ha demostrado ser de utilidad en países que comparten historia de origen a partir de la colonización y la emigración como Australia, Canadá, Argentina o Nueva Zelanda, en contraposición con los llamados «países cerrados» dentro de los que se encuentran los países del continente europeo donde la cultura nacional donde la mayoría poblacional ya se sociopolítica como demográfica está representada por los nativos que en tal sentido se consideran auténticos agentes de representación de la cultura frente a la población inmigrante.
Ya en la actualidad a partir de la generación consuetudinaria de una imagen poco positiva del extranjero, en occidente se hace más necesario reforzar la valoración positiva del mismo dada a inicios del siglo XX donde se aprecia una mayor fundamentación del modelo de fusión que se puede resumir en la frase de Gerbi «El emigrante, que precisamente entonces había mudado su filiación de deportado, de aventurero y de prófugo… por la filiación de pionero y de portador de artes y técnicas civilizadas, recibía finalmente, y no sin contrastes, la de labrador (explotado, sí, pero también idealizado) y la de hermano y compañero en la tarea de forjar los más altos destinos del país con una amalgama humana más rica»
En otro orden de cosas, aunque la fusión cultural se encuentra como fórmula que presenta entidad propia, en algunos casos se asume como variante del asimilacionismo. Por otro lado, se lleva a cabo un paralelo entre asimilacionismo y fusión, en la que se destacan dos similitudes. Ya sea en uno o en otro modelo se encuentra, por una parte, que las poblaciones que participan pierden o radicalmente se transforman las culturas originarias; en los dos modelos sucede una operación de sustracción cultural.
En segundo lugar, ya sea el asimilacionismo o la fusión el resultado que se obtiene al final es una sociedad homogénea pretendida; o sea asimilación y fusión son procesos que provocan un cambio sociocultural que va desde lo heterogéneo hasta lo homogéneo. Estas similitudes, la pérdida de la cultura y la mencionada homogeneización en el ámbito socio-cultural, se encuentran en la base, por una parte, de la identificación usual del modelo de fusión con el modelo del asimilacionismo y, por otra parte, el rechazo al modelo de fusión por las posiciones referentes al pluralismo cultural.
En la actualidad ya no se propone el melting pot como una filosofía social, ideología ni tampoco como política de gestión. El mito que intentó ser un modelo fracasó porque en Estado Unidos no ha sucedido la mezcla presentida por las poblaciones con un origen europeo. Lo que se produjo fue un triple melting pot: con la América católica, la América judía y la América protestante. Las divisiones y los agrupamientos de origen religioso-cultural han dividido la población inmigrante que procede de Europa. De cualquier forma, quedan evidentes los límites del mestizaje y la relevancia de la etnicidad.
Se han realizado varias críticas producto a dicho fracaso. Al melting pot se le critica, al igual que al asimilacionismo, el provocar un abandono de la cultura propia. Desde esta ideología, para que aparezca una identidad nacional con fortaleza parece ser necesario el sacrificio de las singularidades. Finalmente, se ha evidenciado la ambigüedad subyacente del término melting pot. Por un lado, no representa tanto una propuesta de tipo cultural sino que constituye una propuesta racial.
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