5.1 Resumen de hallazgos
Teniendo en cuenta que el problema de investigación Planteado es: ¿Cuál es el impacto del aprendizaje colaborativo que utiliza organizadores gráficos en el desarrollo de estrategias cognitivas en estudiantes de 8 y 10 años? y que la metodología que se aplicó fue cualitativa, se intentó encontrar el significado de los datos obtenidos para responder a la pregunta planteada en el estudio, Lozano, R. A. (2010). Dicho análisis surge como producto de la información obtenida a través de las categorías de análisis basadas en las entrevistas y las observaciones realizadas a docentes y estudiantes, y a su vez confrontadas con el marco teórico que soporta la investigación.
La información en la que se basan los resultados y su posterior análisis se obtuvo de tres estudiantes y tres docentes, en las que se implementó la metodología de trabajo colaborativo, pertenecientes a la Institución Departamental El Carmen. Aplicar estos instrumentos permitió indagar acerca de las percepciones que tienen tanto docentes como estudiantes acerca de las diferentes estrategias y metodologías de aprendizaje como herramienta pedagógica y observar el impacto o las implicaciones que dicha metodología tiene sobre los aprendizajes y el desarrollo cognitivo de los estudiantes.
Para la presentación de los resultados se construyeron categorías de análisis con sus respectivos indicadores, basadas en la información más relevante acerca del problema de estudio y que se obtuvieron por medio de la aplicación de los instrumentos mencionados.
El análisis e interpretación de los resultados que se presentan, surgen como producto de la triangulación de la información obtenida a través de las categorías de análisis basadas en las entrevistas y las observaciones, y a su vez confrontadas con el marco teórico que soporta la investigación.
Al realizar el análisis de los resultados y teniendo en cuenta las estrategias utilizadas por los docentes para fortalecer las habilidades cognitivas de los estudiantes se necesita incluir en los procesos educativos, actividades que requieran elaborar organizadores gráficos, los cuales contribuyen a que los estudiantes clarifiquen su pensamiento, refuercen su comprensión de temas fundamentales, integren de manera significativa nuevo conocimiento al que ya disponen e identifiquen conceptos erróneos a fin de corregirlos.
En particular, los organizadores gráficos son herramientas pedagógicas muy valiosas en la construcción de conocimiento y en el desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento de orden superior, ya que permiten procesar, organizar y priorizar nueva información, estimulan la creatividad, la memoria, la capacidad de análisis y ayudan a organizar y jerarquizar ideas para lograr u aprendizaje claro.
5.2. Conclusiones
Después de realizar el análisis y la interpretación de los resultados de las entrevistas y de las observaciones con respecto a la pregunta ¿Cuál es el impacto del aprendizaje colaborativo que utiliza organizadores gráficos en el desarrollo de estrategias cognitivas en estudiantes de 8 y 10 años? Se concluye lo siguiente:
Observaciones de clase
Los docentes organizan, y manejan el tiempo de la clase de acuerdo a la planeación, lo cual facilita un acompañamiento constante y equilibrado para lograr la atención y concentración en los estudiantes lo cual permite el mejoramiento de resultados en los aprendizajes partiendo de la creación de mapas mentales y conceptuales con el fin de jerarquizar y organizar ideas.
Los estudiantes responden agradablemente a la clase al realizar esquemas gráficos y comprender de manera significativa los contenidos. Manifiestan gusto al trabajar con esquemas porque memorizan más los contenidos y su aprendizaje es mejor.
Entrevistas realizadas a docentes.
Según los docentes las habilidades cognitivas son la memoria, la concentración, análisis, clasificación y observación, los cuales son procesos que se ponen en marcha para incorporar y comprender la información recibida.
Con respecto a lo anterior, utilizan estrategias didácticas tales como el uso de organizadores gráficos, el mapa conceptual y mapa mental para fortalecer los aprendizajes y organizar mejor las ideas para relacionarlas con otros contenidos.
Por otra parte, comentan que el trabajo colaborativo es una estrategia empleada para fortalecer valores de respeto y responsabilidad entre los integrantes además de que permite realizar un trabajo rápido, enriquecedor e interesante para los estudiantes.
Según los docentes entrevistados comentan que para conseguir el éxito de un trabajo colaborativo es esencial que las relaciones del equipo sean sólidas. Alcanzar el desempeño óptimo de un grupo requiere, dedicación, responsabilidad, enfoque y disciplina.
De igual forma, los docentes comentan que las nuevas Tecnologías de la Informática y la Comunicación han evolucionado en los últimos años favoreciendo y posibilitando nuevos procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, aprovechando sus funcionalidades partiendo por el proceso de la información, acceso a los conocimientos, canales de comunicación y entorno de interacción social.
Autor: Elizabeth Nardeyi Linares Silva
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