La especie en cuestión habita en condiciones considerablemente áridas, esto es posible debido a un desarrollo de raíz pivotante la que absorbe el agua del nivel freático esto es lo que permite conservar potenciales hídricos bien elevados aunque haya sequía en el medio, según plantean Acevedo et al (1984), Kaliz y Stone (1991). Cuando el estrés hídrico es moderado provoca ajustes osmóticos en P.pallida y también en P.juliflora. Ese resultado se ha observado también en P.tamarugo bajo condiciones campestres; según Acevedo et al (1984), al igual que en otras especies leñosas que son endurecidas por un estrés hídrico moderado. El ajuste osmótico que se observó en este estudio logra proporcionar en el caso de las plantas que crecen en bolsas de plástico ventajas sobre las plantas de control para desarrollarse en campo. Esencialmente, las plantas que son endurecidas lograrán mantener niveles de turgencia a DHS que oscilan entre bajos y moderados, como ocurre cuando las plantas se encuentran relativamente bien hidratadas. Esto les permite presentar un mayor crecimiento y conservar una conductancia estomática mucho más elevada mientras que la planta pierde agua.
4.4 ORIGEN Y DISTRIBUCIÓN
Esta planta es nativa de la zona costera norte de Perú, Colombia y Ecuador, también ha sido naturalizado en la isla Molokai (Hawaii) y en Puerto Rico. En el nordeste de Brasil ha sido introducida como cultivo, al igual que en India y Australia.De manera, que el sabio Raymondi hallara en el Perú ídolos precolombinos que habían sido tallados en madera de algarrobo, conduce a que se piense que el algarrobo era ya conocido y utilizado desde los remotos tiempos Prehispánicos. Fueron los españoles quienes aplicaron el nombre algarrobo, debido a que reconocieron en Prosopis características muy parecidas a las del “Algarrobo europeo” o Ceratonia siliqua.
Según a los herbarios estudiados de las universidades Trujillo, San Marcos, Pedro Ruiz Gallo, esta especie se encuentra en los valles de Tacna, Fernández, Nazca, Arequipa, Casma, Ica, Chicama, Jequetepeque, Moche Chaman, Zaña, Viru Chancay, Olmos, Piura, La Leche Chira, Bocapán, Tumbes, Zarumilla. Se observa que en la zona del valle Jequetepeque, situada en la costa, se halla la mayor cantidad de algarrobos. Los P.pallida, pueden estar dispersos por las dunas altas, como sucede con las que están alrededor de la ciudad de San Pedro de Lloc o en Pascamayo, donde forman pequeños montecitos. Los algarrobos en este valle llegan hasta la propia ciudad de Chilete. También se pueden encontrar en Colombia.
El P.pallida en su forma pallida se cultiva desde hace tiempo en la isla de Molokai en Hawaii, EE.UU., lugar donde se ha aclimatado adecuadamente. En el caso del P.pallida forma armata, es oriundo de la costa septentrional en el Perú. Ha sido encontrado también en la región sur de Ecuador, P.pallida en su forma decumbens, ha sido encontrado en la zona de la costa norte peruana. Confinada a la zona de la costa norte del Perú se encuentra la P.pallida forma annularis
4.5 USOS – CALIDAD DE FRUTOS
Las características de estos frutos, por sus propiedades, se han utilizado desde la era preincaica; eran llamadas por los indígenas “taco” y con estos frutos fabricaban una bebida conocida como “jupisin”, su preparación consiste en agregar agua a los frutos previamente molidos. Actualmente se manufacturan estos frutos produciendo una bebida conocida como “algarrobina”, los derivados comercializan en su totalidad.
Este árbol multipropósito, se denomina “Rey del desierto”, gracias a los diversos beneficios que proporciona de forma directa o indirecta. Representa una especie excelente para el control de dunas y también para contrarrestar los efectos de la desertificación. Precursor de la recuperación de la fertilidad en los suelos, gracias su capacidad para fijar el nitrógeno a partir de la atmósfera y la suma de materia orgánica, de las hojas, también por su influencia directa en la disminución de la erosión y degradación de los suelos.
Sus vainas son muy alimenticias además de sabrosas, son consumidas por todo tipo de ganado, sean cabras, caballos, ovejas y muchos otros animales domésticos, dando la posibilidad de sustituir al maíz y salvar el trigo de las dietas de los animales. Asimismo tiene la gran ventaja de que produce frutos en las épocas de mayor sequía y cuando la reserva de forraje natural se encuentra en un punto crítico.
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