1.1 Introducción
El desarrollo sostenible se ha convertido en la actualidad en un requisito fundamental para la viabilidad de la economía y de la raza humana a largo plazo, de este modo, los proyectos sobre desarrollo y manejo sostenible han crecido en la última década a lo largo de la tierra.
Perú, aunque de forma tímida, ha comenzado a concientizarse de la importancia del desarrollo sostenible, aumentando los profesionales y las empresas especializadas en diseño y ejecución de proyectos sostenibles. Es en este punto, donde nace la idea del presente proyecto, que tiene como objetivo presentar un estudio sobre el manejo adecuado, en base a diversas alternativas de usos, para los bosques secos de Algarrobo en la región Piura, sector Sechura. (Partiendo como base del “Proyecto Algarrobo”), de esta forma, el proyecto plantea indicadores que permitirán observar y determinar si la explotación realizada en la región Piura, es sostenible en el tiempo, para ello se proponen indicadores en tres áreas diferentes:
- Ambiental
- Económico
- Social
1.2 Planteamiento del problema
En 1972 en la conferencia de Estocolmo, hubo la primera opción que se reconoció internacionalmente la protección y mejora del medio ambiente. Con el objetivo de mantener y restaurar la biosfera y mejorar la calidad de vida del ser humano. en
esta conferencia se relaciona medio ambiente y desarrollo con la palabra ecodesarrollo: desarrollo con sensibilidad ecológica, el término ecodesarrollo fue utilizado por primera vez en 1973, para da a entender una idea de desarrollo económico y social de carácter ambiental, el ecodesarrollo plantea una modalidad de desarrollo diferente a las actuales.
Fue en el año 1987, cuando se empezó a hablar del término de sostenibilidad y desarrollo sostenible, este término aparece por primera vez al llamado informe Bruntlandt o nuestro futuro común. En él se define como; «Es aquel que satisfará las necesidades actuales sin poner en peligro la capacidad de las generaciones futuras para satisfacer sus propias necesidades.»
Esta definición implica un cambio muy importante en la idea de sostenibilidad y principalmente ecológica, en un mundo donde también se da importancia al desarrollo social y económico. El desarrollo sostenible implica la mejora de la calidad de vida dentro de los límites de los ecosistemas.
En Perú, más concretamente en la zona de Piura, se emplea la madera de P. pallida en la producción de diferentes productos artesanales, industriales y de forraje en el caso de las hojas, en este sentido, cientos de familias vive del algarrobo de la zona Piura en Perú. Por tanto, el nivel de tala de algarrobos para aprovechar su madera y derivos pone en serio peligro la sostenibilidad de los bosques, siendo a su vez, una fuente económica de la zona.
Este árbol milenario ha adquirido una gran relevancia nacional en Perú, siendo objeto de estudios y proyectos para su preservación. En este sentido, un tema importante para el logro del desarrollo sostenible relacionado con el algarrobo es su replantación, siendo este instrumento un requisito necesario para no disminuir la biomasa de algarrobos en la zona.
En este contexto se pretende diseñar indicadores que permitan evaluar las actividades de explotación de los bosques de algarrobo en la zona Piura con el fin de determinar un punto de equilibrio entre explotación y regeneración de los bosques.
1.3 Hipótesis
¿Es posible crear un modelo de desarrollo sostenible para los bosques secos de Algarrobo en la región Pirua, con base, a indicadores ambientales, económicos y sociales, para contrastar una situación actual con un escenario futuro?
Autor: Bernardo
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