El doctor Bernard Rieux, es uno de los personajes principales de la novela titulada «La peste» de Albert Camus. Hombre de pocas palabras, resalta por su incansable lucha contra la peste pues su labor es salvar al hombre a pesar de estar cansado del mundo en que vivía ya que estaba lejos de su esposa y no podría cuidar de ella, puesto que la envió a un sanatorio con la promesa de recomenzar su relación a su regreso. Es además uno de los primeros que se interesó en las ratas que estaban muriendo por toda la ciudad de Orán y como era un hombre de evidencias ya sabía contra qué se enfrentaba en la peste.
En su mente comenzaron a aflorar los conocimientos que poseía sobre la enfermedad con una idea fija, una idea que comparten los hombres que no piensan sólo en sí mismos, basada en que había que hacerle frente pues consideraba que era la decisión más honesta y además era lo que debía hacerse en estos casos. Al principio no llegó siquiera a sospechar las dimensiones a las cuales podría llegar la fuerza de la peste sobre los habitantes de Orán: primero los exilió del mundo y luego caminó por todas las calles de Orán acometiendo contra todos por igual; no había forma de detenerla pero al menos se intentaba contenerle.
Su labor de médico se vio afectada por la naturaleza de la peste pues de ser una persona bien recibida y esperada por el resto, una especie de salvador, termina convirtiéndose en cómplice del malestar de la ciudad pues su visita a las casas con el paso no es para curar si no simplemente diagnosticar y separar las familias, llevarlas a cuarentena para evitar la propagación de la epidemia. Esta situación resultaba agreste a los ciudadanos ya que les afectaba directamente mas nunca reflexionaron, o muy pocos lo hicieron, que el miedo a la separación del calor humano y la incertidumbre de lo desconocido afectaba a los habitantes por igual.
Rieux deseaba con todas sus fuerzas que los hombres que se encontraban atrapados en la ciudad que compartían el sentimiento de la querencia pudieran estar juntos, pero ese deseo no podía interponerse con la realidad, existía la peste y había que respetar las leyes, y de allí parte su misión personal de lograr esta posibilidad, luchar contra la peste para que así los hombres pudieran volver a reunirse para emprender su lucha. Rieux se abstrae del mundo y deja a un lado sus cargas emocionales para poder lograr su cometido, se centró en preservar la mayor cantidad de seres que pudieran reencontrarse y quererse como antes aunque esto le costara su propia felicidad.
Continuando con los días absortos en la peste, Rieux comprendió que tanto la abstracción como la peste son igualmente monótonas y que lo único que cambiaba era él al ser consciente de la indiferencia que comenzaba a invadirle, su corazón se encerró sobre sí mismo y así tenía fuerzas para continuar luchando. Esta indiferencia logra que Rieux se convierta en el escucha de la ciudad, en diversos momentos logra captar los sufrimientos encerrados entre las puertas de Orán, como cuando Grand lee parte de su novela
Siéntese -le dijo y léamela. Grand lo miró y le sonrió con una especie de agradecimiento. Sí -dijo-, creo que tengo ganas de leerla. Esperó un poco, sin dejar de mirar la hoja. Rieux escuchaba al mismo tiempo el bordoneo confuso que en la ciudad parecía responder al silbido de la plaga. En ese preciso momento tenía una percepción extraordinaria, agudizada, de la ciudad que se extendía a sus pies, del mundo cerrado que componía, y de los terribles lamentos que ahogaba por las noches. (P. 85).
Es así como Rieux se convierte en el oyente y observador de los estragos que la peste deja en Orán, como la ciudad y sus habitantes con consumidos por la ausencia del calor humano, como hasta los niños inocentes sufren y agonizan al igual que el resto, los avatares de la naturaleza igualan a las personas. El doctor no cree que la peste sea castigo divino pues no cree en un dios que mande la muerte como castigo colectivo pero sí compartía la idea de Tarrou, que de la peste se podía aprender algo, se podría reflexionar, a lo que Rieux le responde:
Como todas las enfermedades de este mundo. Pero lo que es verdadero de todos los males de este mundo lo es también de la peste. Esto puede engrandecer a algunos. Sin embargo, cuando se ve la miseria y el sufrimiento que acarrea, hay que ser ciego o cobarde para resignarse a la peste. (P. 102). La cercanía con la muerte es el hecho que paraliza al hombre y le hace rebelarse. Algunos deciden batallar y hacerle frente pues en el mundo somos simples seres con el derecho a elegir nuestra manera de vivir, podemos ser egoístas y pensar sólo en nuestra realidad y continuar soñando esperanzados en un futuro incierto o vivir el presente, reconociendo que la vida está fuera de todo lo que el hombre ha construido.
Referencia Bibliográfica
Camus, Albert. La peste. Argentina: Editorial Sur, 1976.
Escritor: Jhosanna Pacheco
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