La golosa es un juego de niños en el cual se involucran reglas con el ánimo de jugarlo bien. Se empieza por rayar el piso con una tiza o un pedazo de ladrillo, dibujando unos cuadros que van numerados del uno al diez, también ha de marcarse el infierno y el cielo y no olvidar la cascarita de mandarina o la piedrecilla como herramienta de avance entre las casillas, de igual forma, se puede jugar de manera individual o acompañado y el premio consiste en llegar al cielo. La golosa es un juego de niños que se ha transmitido de generación en generación, sin embargo jugar no es oficio único de los niños, ya que las personas para movernos en sociedad constituimos reglas, convenciones y acuerdos que actúan como un semáforo organizacional.
Lo mismo ocurre con los procesos de la lectura y la escritura que al constituirse como herramientas de comunicación indispensablemente necesitan de las reglas para organizarse, definirse e igualmente jugarse. Todos estos juegos del lenguaje, como: describir, argumentar o narrar, se juegan con reglas constitutivas y regulativas. En cuanto al juego de la narración literaria, las reglas se ciñen al reto que asume el escritor para darle la arquitectura precisa a su texto. Todo escritor es un jugador nato que comprende las reglas e igualmente se apropia de ellas, e incluso las rompe, con el fin de darle todo el potencial a su historia.
Para ahondar en este planteamiento es válido citar a dos semiólogos que proponen reglas diferentes, Vladimir Prof, un erudito ruso dedicado al análisis de los componentes básicos de los cuentos populares para identificar sus elementos narrativos y Algirdas Juluis Greimas, quien presenta la teoría semiótica como la relación fundamental entre el sujeto que conoce y el objeto conocido y tiende a precisar las condiciones de producción de sentido.
El primero de ellos, Vladimir Proff, afirma que existen unos elementos constantes que siempre aparecen en los cuentos de hadas y los define como “la acción de un personaje definida desde el punto de vista de su significación en el desarrollo de la intriga”. Es así como, partiendo de esta afirmación crea una regla que dice que en el mundo no existe un solo cuento ya que persiste la misma estructura licitadora de diferentes historias. Sirve como ejemplo citar el patrón de comportamiento que se presenta en los personajes de los famosos cuentos clásicos de los hermanos Grimm.
Por su parte el segundo semiólogo, Greimas, sostiene que el análisis de textos literarios parte de establecer el plano narrativo desde el querer, el poder, el saber y el deber para dar cuenta sistemática de los elementos narrativos que nutren la historia. Así vemos cómo la narración juega indiscriminadamente con estos elementos y a partir de ellos es posible comprender la dimensión narrativa de cada historia. En cuanto al juego de la descripción, la regla fundamental habla que ella no debe limitarse exclusivamente a lo que puede verse, darse u oírse porque es posible descubrir sentimientos y entidades abstractas. Es de esta manera que el escritor alimenta la historia, valiéndose de toda la gama de posibilidades, incluso, más allá de lo que a simple vista se puede observar en el proceso denotativo en general.
Atendiendo a los procesos de la argumentación, la regla juega con la compleja acción de involucrar actos asertivos que constituyen una justificación o un rechazo con respecto a otras posiciones. Es válido resaltar o destacar, cómo estos procesos de argumentación se dan a partir del juego de la misma regla y del cambio que el escritor decida involucrar en la raíz de su historia. Finalmente, es importante resaltar que las reglas de juego en el plano de la lectura y la escritura, aportan un valor agregado a la interpretación literaria y a la construcción estructurada, gracias a estas reglas es posible deleitarnos con la intriga y magia que la narrativa nos brinda al interior de cientos de historias maravillosas que recrean nuestro quehacer en el mundo.
Escritor: Marcela Copete Posse
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