Análisis de Resultados
Durante el año 2011, se realizó en la Institución Educativa la Paz, un Diagnóstico Situacional Comunitario (DSC) con los padres y madres de familia de la Institución Educativa. El Diagnóstico Socioeconómico realizado y que involucró a padres y madres de familia arrojó unos resultados que fueron sumamente valiosos y que fueron utilizados para el presente estudio, ya que permitieron tener un conocimiento más profundo de las condiciones de vida de los miembros de la comunidad educativa. Vale la pena recordar que una de las variables más importantes de la investigación consiste en establecer si existen o no condiciones de marginalidad y exclusión entre las familias de los estudiantes y cuál puede ser la relación entre este hecho y las manifestaciones del ciberbullying.
Dicho diagnóstico muestra que los educandos y sus familias provienen en su mayoría de otras regiones de Colombia, desplazadas por el conflicto interno que todavía vive el país, sus ocupaciones laborales están dentro de la informalidad, su nivel de escolaridad es bajo, lo que ocasiona que las fuentes de ingresos no lleguen siquiera al salario mínimo legal vigente y muchos de los jóvenes tengan que trabajar para contribuir al sustento de sus hogares, incluso se logró determinar que existen casos de niños y jóvenes que viven solos sin la compañía de un adulto, ya que sus padres tuvieron que trasladarse a Medellín, capital del Departamento de Antioquia, en busca de trabajo.
El panorama descrito podría explicar las conductas violentas que diariamente se observan en la Institución Educativa La Paz, a esto se suma que los barrios que conforman la Comuna 1, área donde se encuentra el Colegio, son los más pobres y marginados del Municipio de Apartadó, carecen de servicios públicos, vías pavimentadas, equipamiento urbano y que su historia está marcada por la presencia de grupos armados y por las secuelas de gran número de hechos atroces que en un período que va desde el año 1.987 hasta el año 2005.
4.1 Resultados de encuesta individual a 20 estudiantes
Primero se procedió al análisis de los datos arrojados por las encuestas, que fueron aplicados a 20 estudiantes entre los 13 y 16 años de la Institución Educativa, las cuales se describen a continuación:
- Maltrato entre compañeros (Bullying)
El 40% de los encuestados afirman estar o haber sido excluido por sus compañeros de clase, frente a un 60% que afirma no estar excluido.
Es importante resaltar que de todos los encuestados que manifestaron sentirse marginados, 8 (ocho) señalan como principales causas su color de piel y nivel socioeconómico. La principal razón que expusieron quienes alguna vez han marginado a otros 5 (cinco) es el “no gusto” por su color de piel, algunos afirman que la razón principal para excluir a sus compañeros son sus actitudes y comportamientos agresivos e indisciplinados.
14 (catorce) personas respondieron que no, pero 6 (seis), que corresponde a un 70% manifiestan que sí. Al preguntar sobre las razones por las cuales se sienten intimidados la respuesta fue que cuando no acceden a peticiones de compañeros más grandes que ellos, se exponen a recibir golpizas a la salida del colegio o a que les quiten lo que compran en el descanso, incluso, a que los despojen de sus útiles escolares.
5 (cinco) encuestados dijeron que nunca han acosado, pero identifican a compañeros que sí lo hacen. Dentro del grupo de personas que respondieron la encuesta aparecen 5 (cinco) que lo han hecho habitualmente y 8 (ocho) que reconocieron que alguna vez lo habían hecho. Con base a esta pregunta se eligieron potenciales víctimas y victimarios.
Un número significativo de 12 (doce) estudiantes, manifiesta que en el colegio constantemente se han presentado actos vandálicos.
El 95% dijo nunca haber participado en daños ocasionados a la propiedad del colegio. Esta respuesta contradice en gran medida, la cantidad de actos vandálicos que se presentan en la institución. Los pocos que reconocen haber participado en estos daños 5 (cinco), no dieron una respuesta a la pregunta: ¿por qué lo haces?
65% admite haber rayado en algún momento un pupitre o muro de la Institución. Tampoco se da una respuesta al interrogante que busca por qué lo hacen.
El 99% de los encuestados dijeron haber sido víctimas de vandalismo. Los enseres que más daños han sufrido son los cuadernos, bolsos y uniformes.
Autor: Edison Alejandro Yepes Mejía
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