En 1975, el ICS define la incontinencia urinaria como involuntaria, pérdida de orina, que es objetivamente demostrable y que constituye un problema social y de aseo.
Esta definición, propuesta por el Comité de Normalización de la Sociedad Internacional para la continencia (SIC), es el más utilizado universalmente. En 2002, el SIC define como, cualquier queja de la pérdida involuntaria de orina. Esta definición es menos rígida que antes, y permite la unificación de criterios, lo que representa un avance significativo en el campo de los estudios epidemiológicos.
La definición que propuso ICS podría incluir a cualquier persona que tenía una fuga de orina una sola vez en su vida, por lo que el ICS especifica que, en cada caso, el diagnóstico debe ser completada con la descripción de una serie de circunstancias relevantes, a saber:
- Tipo y la frecuencia de presentación
- Gravedad
- Factores precipitantes
- Impacto de los síntomas en la calidad de vida, las medidas utilizadas por el paciente.
Los factores que desembocan en la aparición de la incontinencia son:
- Hábitos tóxicos y la dieta
- Utilización de fármacos.
- Prácticas deportivas.
- Antecedentes patológicos previos
- Debilitamiento del suelo pélvico.
En este sentido, como podemos observar en la siguiente imagen, la orina llega a la vejiga desde los riñones a través de los uréteres. La vejiga se llena, por lo que el interior de presión aumentará gradualmente. Cuando la presión de la vejiga (dentro de la vejiga) es mayor que la presión uretral (en el interior de la uretra), se activa el reflejo de la micción, provocando el deseo de orinar. La persona voluntaria a relajar el esfínter uretral externo para dar paso a la salida de la orina. La micción voluntaria también requiere la relajación de los músculos del perineo, que permitir que la orina fuera de la falda.
El Grupo de la incontinencia de la Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontologia, ha trabajado en temas relacionados. En este momento, uno de sus principales objetivos era lograr una clasificación. Por lo tanto, consideramos que la mayoría de la clasificación efectiva se expone, resumiendo todos los tipos que existen en la literatura:
- Temporal.
- Incontinencia de esfuerzo.
- incontinencia Rebosamento.
- Incontinencia funcional.
- IU Mixta.
En este sentido, el método más efectivo y menos agresivo de los que disponemos hoy en día para tratar o prevenir la incontinencia urinaria es la gimnasia hipopresiva, que consigue reforzar los músculos del perineo y dotarlos de tonicidad de manera refleja, es decir, que con el entrenamiento se consigue que respondan de forma correcta en la vida cotidiana sin tener que estar pendientes de ellos.
La componen un tipo de ejercicios pensados para fortalecer la musculatura femenina, tanto del periné, como abdominal y lumbar, y que tienen en cuenta las características específicas de la anatomía de la mujer. Como por ejemplo el siguiente ejercicio:
De pie, con las piernas separadas a la distancia de los hombros, rodillas ligeramente flexionadas y cargando un poco el peso del cuerpo hacia las puntas de los dedos de los pies. Los brazos deben estar estirados delante del cuerpo, formando con éste un ángulo de 25 º, con las palmas de las manos hacia abajo y hacia adentro, en ángulo recto con los brazos, y las puntas de los dedos mirando sin llegar a tocarse.
Intentando no tensionar el cuerpo, lentamente se suelta todo el aire por la boca y se procede a hacer una apnea abriendo las costillas, de tal manera que el abdomen entra y sube arrastrando el periné. Se sostiene la apnea unos segundos, se afloja el cuerpo, se toma aire, se descansa unos segundos y se repite el ejercicio.
Autor: Manuel Rozalen
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