Nuestra talentosa Violeta Parra en su fresca tonada “La Jardinera, hace alusión a un gra número de plantas y hierbas. Tal es su precisión botánica que cada vez que tenía clases sobre plantas medicinales, me recordaba en especial, del hermoso estribillo:
…Para mi tristeza violeta azul,
Clavelina roja pa’ mi pasión,
Y para saber si me corresponde,
Deshojo un blanco manzanillón.
Si me quiere mucho, poquito o nada,
Tranquilo queda mi corazón…
Gracias a tu gran sabiduría campesina, Violeta, sólo usaste el manzanillón para privarlo de sus pétalos y saber cuál era la real correspondencia de tu perdido amor y no para prepararte una infusión para quitar el mal de amores. El manzanillón no es una variedad ni un tipo de manzanilla, porque seamos claros, entre manzanilla y manzanillón, hay un abismo de diferencias.
El manzanillón es una hierba que muchos de nosotros hemos visto crecer como maleza en el jardín de la vecina, a orilla del camino a nuestra casa o derechamente en pleno campo. Es una planta que se caracteriza por el verdor de sus hojas y que sus flores son muy parecidas al tipo de la Su género científico es Tanacetum, donde esta denominació cuyo significado es inmortal. Es así, como cuentan las creencias helénicas que la bebida a base de este vegetal específicamente de las hojas de la planta, confería la vida eterna.
Respecto a este último punto, debo discrepar con los griegos. Se cuenta como anécdota en mi familia materna, que cuando mi abuela estaba embarazada de mi madre, padeció intensos cólicos debido a una indigestión propia de las fiestas patrias. Fue así como mi bisabuela envío a mi bisabuelo a buscar manzanilla para su hija. La mayoría de los chilenos de manzanilla es impecable para tratar la mala digestión, lo dolores estomacales, y que actúa como sedante y relajante, entre muchas otras propiedades medicinales, y que esto, la hace la candidata perfecta como bajativo para después de una comida contundente.
Fue así como mi bisabuelo, hombre obediente, fue a recolectar al campo la manzanilla requerida para sanar las dolencias de su hija. Después de hacer una búsqueda no muy prolija, volvió a la casa con unos ramitos de la supuesta manzanilla solicitada. Rápidamente se hizo una infusión con las hierbas recogidas de la noble tierra y se la dieron a mi abuela. Grande fue la sorpresa de todos cuando mi grávida abuela, comenzó a padecer en vez de una mejoría, terribles contracciones uterinas. Parecía que la medicinal y noble manzanilla del campo, no sólo no hacía los efectos prometidos, sino que empeoraba repentinamente la salud de mi indigestada abuela.
Muy pronto mi bisabuela se puso a examinar las plantas traídas por su esposo, se dio cuenta de algo espeluznante: la hierba aportada por su marido no era manzanilla, sino que el muy parecido manzanillón, famoso por facilitar los procesos del parto, cosa muy sabida en el campo en esos años. El desenlace fue afortunadamente bueno. La dosis que mi abuela llegó a consumir no fue la necesaria para interrumpir la gestación, pero fue un error que pudo costar la vida de un bebé en gestación y quién sabe, hasta de una madre.
Claro está, que mi bisabuelo no realizó una exploración aguda, con algo de desidia tal vez en su cansada humanidad, o bien no tenía el conocimiento acabado para saber distinguir entre dos plantas tan parecidas, pero que en efecto, tienen usos terapéuticos muy distintos. Las plantas medicinales llegaron a nosotros desde el conocimiento de los pueblos originarios, donde posteriormente, ese saber fue traspasado a los campesinos, que paulatinamente, fueron cimentando el aprendizaje de las nuevas generaciones hasta generar una gran sabiduría colectiva respecto a las hierbas curativas. Si bien es cierto, hoy en día, las personas prefieren consumir medicamentos tradicionales, ya sea por su fácil adquisición o rápido efecto, las palabras de nuestra Violeta constituyen una gran realidad para mucha gente: Cogollo de toronjil, Cuando me aumenten las penas, Las flores de mi jardín, …
Autor: KARLA DUHART MARTÍNEZ
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